Geo-spatial Estimation and Forecasting of LULC Vulnerability Assessment of Mining Activity: A Case Study of Jharia Coal Field, India

摘要

Coal is natural deposit minerals and vestibules effect in environment due to operation of mine. Preliminary phase is reconnaissance survey for extraction of coal ores and after that, next operation is happen. In addition, Mining has considered as an eco-unfriendly in natural action but in recent scenarios of Indian coal mines production is very hugs rate with undisciplined nature accompanied by large volumes of hazardous solid, liquid and gaseous material during various mining and related activities. Global aided for the eco-system of mining, associated activities in mining complexes, minimization prevention and extenuation of these encroachments. There are applying geospatial approaches for most important classified classes related to mining activity of land use land cover (LULC) estimation from landsat of four-year data. Vulnerability assessment of classified classes and forecasting of spatial data in future likes features agricultural land, forest, vegetation, mine plantation, scrub land, open cast mine, abandoned mine pit, overburden dump, settlement and water body respectively. It has focused on spatial feature change due to mining activities and mainly use to a case study of Jharia coalfield (JCF), Jharkhand.