Review of osteoimmunology and the host response in endodontic and periodontal lesions

摘要

Bothlesionsofendodonticoriginandperiodontaldiseasesinvolvethehostresponsetobacteriaandtheformationofosteolyticlesions.Importantforbothistheupregulationofinflammatorycytokinesthatinitiateandsustaintheinflammatoryresponse.Alsoimportantarechemokinesthatinducerecruitmentofleukocytesubsetsandbone-resorptivefactorsthatarelargelyproducedbyrecruitedinflammatorycells.However,therearedifferencesalso.Lesionsofendodonticoriginposeaparticularchallengesincethatbacteriapersistinaprotectedreservoirthatisnotreadilyaccessibletotheimmunedefenses.Thus,experimentsinwhichthehostresponseisinhibitedinendodonticlesionstendtoaggravatetheformationofosteolyticlesions.Incontrast,bacteriathatinvadetheperiodontiumappeartobelessproblematicsothatblockingarmsofthehostresponsetendtoreducethediseaseprocess.Interestingly,bothlesionsofendodonticoriginandperiodontitisexhibitinflammationthatappearstoinhibitboneformation.Inperiodontitis,thespatiallocationoftheinflammationislikelytobeimportantsothatahostresponsethatisrestrictedtoasubepithelialspaceisassociatedwithgingivitis,whileahostresponseclosertoboneislinkedtoboneresorptionandperiodontitis.However,thepersistenceofinflammationisalsothoughttobeimportantinperiodontitissinceinflammationpresentduringcoupledboneformationmaylimitthecapacitytorepairtheresorbedbone.Keywords:bacteria;bone;chemokine;cytokine;endodonticlesion;gingivitis;periodontitis;inflammation(Published:17January2011)Citation:JournalofOralMicrobiology2011,3:5304-DOI:10.3402/jom.v3i0.5304