Progress in oral personalized medicine: contribution of ‘omics’

摘要

Background:Precisionmedicine(PM),representingclinicallyapplicablepersonalizedmedicine,proactivelyintegratesandinterpretsmultidimensionalpersonalhealthdata,includingclinical,‘omics’,andenvironmentalprofiles,intoclinicalpractice.RealizationofPMremainsinprogress.Objective:Thefocusofthisreviewistoprovideadescriptivenarrativeoverviewof:1)thecurrentstatusoforalpersonalizedmedicine;and2)recentadvancesingenomicsandrelated‘omic’andemergingresearchdomainscontributingtoadvancingoral-systemicPM,withspecialemphasisoncurrentunderstandingoforalmicrobiomes.Design:Ascanofpeer-reviewedliteraturedescribingoralPMor‘omic’-basedresearchconductedonhumans/datapublishedinEnglishwithinthelast5yearsinjournalsindexedinthePubMeddatabasewasconductedusingmeshsearchterms.Anevidence-basedapproachwasusedtoreportonrecentadvanceswithpotentialtoadvancePMinthecontextofhistoricalcriticalandsystematicreviewstodelineatecurrentstate-of-the-arttechnologies.Specialfocuswasplacedonoralmicrobiomeresearchassociatedwithhealthanddiseasestates,emergingresearchdomains,andtechnologicaladvances,whicharepositioningrealizationofPM.Results:Thisreviewsummarizes:1)evolvingconceptualizationofpersonalizedmedicine;2)emerginginsightintorolesoforalinfectiousandinflammatoryprocessesascontributorstobothoralandsystemicdiseases;3)communityshiftsinmicrobiotathatmaycontributetodisease;4)evidencepointingtonewuncharacterizedpotentialoralpathogens;5)advancesintechnologicalapproachesto‘omics’researchthatwillacceleratePM;6)emergingresearchdomainsthatexpandinsightsintohost–microbeinteractionincludinginter-kingdomcommunication,systemsandnetworkanalysis,andsalivaomics;and7)advancesininformaticsandbigdataanalysiscapabilitiestofacilitateinterpretationofhostandmicrobiome-associateddatasets.Furthermore,progressinclinicallyapplicablescreeningassaysandbiomarkerdefinitiontoinformclinicalcarearebrieflyexplored.Conclusion:AdvancementoforalPMcurrentlyremainsinresearchanddiscoveryphases.Althoughsubstantiveprogresshasbeenmadeinadvancingtheunderstandingoftheroleofmicrobiomedynamicsinhealthanddiseaseandisbeingleveragedtoadvanceearlyeffortsatclinicaltranslation,furtherresearchisrequiredtodiscerninterpretableconstituencypatternsinthecomplexinteractionsofthesemicrobialcommunitiesinhealthanddisease.Advancesinbiotechnologyandbioinformaticsfacilitatingnovelapproachestorapidanalysisandinterpretationoflargedatasetsareprovidingnewinsightsintooralhealthanddisease,potentiatingclinicalapplicationandadvancingrealizationofPMwithinthenextdecade.Keywords:microbiota;precisionmedicine;‘omics’;bigdata;biomarkers(Published:4September2015)Citation:JournalofOralMicrobiology2015,7:28223-http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jom.v7.28223