In this review it is reported about the research on the structure of intermolecular water cyclic associates (clusters) with general formula (? 2 ?) n and their charged ionic clusters [H + (? 2 ?) n ] + and [OH - (? 2 ?) n ] - by means of computer modeling and spectroscopy methods as 1 ?-NMR, IR-spectroscopy, NES, DNES, EXAFS-spectroscopy, X-Ray and neurons diffraction. The computer calculation of polyhedral nanoclusters (? 2 ?) n , where n = 3–20 are carried out. Based on this data the main structural mathematical models describing water structure (quasicrystalline, continuous, fractal, fractal-clathrate) have been examined and some important physical characteristics were obtained. The average energy of hydrogen bonding between ? 2 ? molecules in the process of cluster formation was measured by the DNES method compiles -0.1067 ± 0.0011 eV. It was also shown that water clusters formed from D 2 ? were more stable, than those ones from ? 2 ? due to isotopic effects of deuterium.
展开▼
