A 52-year-old female, diagnosed with a bilateral lower lobe pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) at the age of 14 due to dyspnea, underwent a lobectomy of the right lower lung with a severe lesion, and symptom relief without treatment of the minor lesion in the other lung. She had active chest tightness since 42 years old and headaches 10 days before hospitalized, was diagnosed with PAVF and brain abscess, and cured by a successful PAVF embolization and a surgical resection of brain abscess. In the same patient, both methods of treatment for PAVF were all satisfactory, and each has advantages and indications.J Med Cases. 2017;8(5):149-151doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc2798w
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