The conventional X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods probe for the presence of long-range order towards a solution of the average crystal structure. Experimentally, structural information about long-range, periodic atomic ordering is reflected in the Bragg scattering while local atomic structural deviations from the average structure mainly affect the diffuse scattering intensities. In order to obtain structural information about both average and local atomic structures, a technique that takes in account both Bragg and diffuse scattering needs to be employed, such as the total scattering atomic pair distribution function (PDF) technique. This article introduces a PDF-based methodology that can be applied to extract precise structural information about nanoparticles such as the size of the crystalline core region, the degree of crystallinity, the atomic structure of the core region, local bonding, and the degree of the internal disorder, as a function of the nanoparticle diameter. This article sheds light on a new PDF-based methodology that can yield precise quantitative structural information about small nanocrystals from XRD data, and also describes the essential aspects of this proposed methodology as well as its great potential. This method is generally applicable to the characterisation of the nanoscale solid, many of which may exhibit complex disordered structure.
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