The 1911 Revolution and “Mongolia”: Independence, Constitutional Monarchy, or Republic

摘要

The movement in Mongolia after the 1911 Revolution is often written within the context of the Mongolian Declaration of Independence, but this article analyzes various reactions from pro-independence forces and constitutional monarchy proponents, as well as republican advocates, irrespective of such categories as Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. It examines how they responded to Republic of Five Races , a slogan under which the Republic of China was founded.