Endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove plant and have antagonism role against fusarium wilt

摘要

Antifungal agents of endophytic fungi origin to mangrove plants were studied Availability of those endophytic fungi competed to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp . lycopersici (FO) (Sacc.) W.C. Snyder and H.N. Hans. That has causing fusarium wilts on root tomato ( Lycopersicon esculetum Mill.) plant cultivation had to be done. The study had dual purposes, firstly, to have isolation and turn into identification on endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove plants which is growing in Bunaken Island and Sampiran Beach, North Sulawesi; and secondly, to evaluate their antagonism as volatile and unvolatile antifungal agents against FO under in-vitro conditions. Sixty nine isolates were successfully obtained as endophytic fungi gather from leaves, twigs, and roots; and these fungi are including to the genus of Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Guignardia, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Phomopsis, Talaromyces, and Trichoderma . Another group was hardly recognizing taxonomically because of non-sporulating endophytic fungus, so it was named as unidentified one. Among those 69 isolates tested, 22 of them (32%) showed their antagonistic character. Thirteen isolates (59%) of those 22 fungal antagonists were including as volatile and unvolatile antifungal agents. Identified fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus (34-24; it means the isolate no.34 has fermentative scheme type-24), Penicillium sp. (34-26), Talaromycetes leycettanus (37-7) and unidentified isolate (37-12) were able to inhibit FO growth by producing both volatile and unvolatile antifungal agents. Isolates of Aspergillus niger (34-25), Colletotrichum sp. (37-15), Fusarium sp. (37-4), Trichoderma harzianum (37-14), and five isolates (codes: 37-10; 37-13; 39-2; 39-8; and 40-12) as unidentified ones showed to against FO by producing volatile antifungal agent; while five isolates of Aspergillus niger (codes: 35-1; 42-4; 42-5; 42-6; and 42-9), Guignardia endophyllicola (38-2), and three of unidentified isolates (codes: 39-6; 42-1; and 43-4) inhibited FO growth by producing unvolatile antifungal agent.