Comparative Studies of Some Triticum Species by Grain Protein and Amino Acids Analyses

摘要

The mature grains of two Egyptian and six imported Triticum species were analyzed for protein patterns, total protein and amino acid s content to characterize the variations between them. The data showed twenty two bands of total proteins with an obvious variation in the number and position of bands from one species to another. The highest numbers of proteins bands were recorded in T. paleocolchicum (18 bands) whereas, the lowest ones in T. durum (12 bands). The eight examined Triticum species share nine bands (6, 13, 16, 19, 20 and 21), while there were also some bands which characterize each species. The band (10) is characteristic for T. paleocolchicum and the band (12) for T. dicoccoides . Cladistic analysis support the delimitation of studied species in the two subgenera Triticum and Boeoticum. A high degree of similarity (94%) was observed between T. aestivum and T. spelta . Total protein of the grains varied from a minimum of 9.3% in T. aestivum to a maximum of 14.8% in T. dicoccoides . Most amino acid s showed a significant variation between the examined Triticum species and all essential amino acid s compared well with FAO/WHO reference pattern. The nutritional quality of proteins as measured by their essential amino acid s chemical scores ranged from 14.29% for tyrosine in T. spelta grain protein to 239.29% for isoleucine in T. durum grain protein. Most essential amino acid of grain protein in T. aestivum and T. dicoccoides record higher values than the FAO/WHO (1990) recommended pattern. All the studied Triticum species had high content from the non-essential amino acid s, particularly glutamic acid that had the greatest proportion ranging from 24.86 g/100 g protein in T. dicoccoides to 36.13 g/100 g protein in T. spelta . The six studied Triticum species imported from outside Egypt had pronounced total protein and amino acid s content and consistent the most suitable condition for growing under Ismailia conditions.