Callogenesis and production of anthocyanin and chlorophyll in callus cultures of vegetative and floral explants in Rosa gallica and Rosa hybrida (Rosaceae)

摘要

Callogenesis using vegetative (leaf, stem, petiole) and floral (petal, pistil, anther) explants of Rosa gallica and R. hybrida was investigated using different combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, and gibberellic acid on modified Murashige and Skoog medium. The highest callogenesis was obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium containing ratios of 2 and 3 mg L^{-1} of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to 1 mg L^{-1} of 6-benzylamino purine in both species depending on type of explant. Stem explants in R. gallica initiated callus after 4 days while the other explants in R. gallica and all explants in R. hybrida showed the greatest percentage of callus initiation after 8 days. The callus growth rate showed much more progressive callus growth respectively on leaf and stem explants in both species. The highest callus volume was achieved after 2 months from vegetative explants and after 2.5 months from flower explants in both species. The highest anthocyanin and chlorophyll yield was produced in vegetative calluses of R. gallica but their content was less in flower calluses. In R. hybrida, the highest value of pigment was observed in calluses from leaf and stem. It is noteworthy that anthocyanin content in different calluses, especially vegetative ones in R. gallica, was much higher, while chlorophyll concentration was somewhat more in calluses derived from explants of R. hybrida.