Synopsis of the pelidnotine scarabs (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) and annotated catalog of the species and subspecies

摘要

The pelidnotine scarabs (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini) are a speciose, paraphyletic assemblage of beetles that includes spectacular metallic species (?￠????jewel scarabs?￠????) as well as species that are ecologically important as herbivores, pollinators, and bioindicators. These beetles suffer from a complicated nomenclatural history, due primarily to 20th century taxonomic and nomenclatural errors. We review the taxonomic history of the pelidnotine scarabs, present a provisional key to genera with overviews of all genera, and synthesize a catalog of all taxa with synonyms, distributional data, type specimen information, and 107 images of exemplar species. As a result of our research, the pelidnotine leaf chafers (a paraphyletic group) include 27 (26 extant and 1 extinct) genera and 420 valid species and subspecies (419 extant and 1 extinct). Our research makes biodiversity research on this group tractable and accessible, thus setting the stage for future studies that address evolutionary and ecological trends. Based on our research, 1 new species is described, 1 new generic synonym and 12 new species synonyms are proposed, 11 new lectotypes and 1 new neotype are designated, many new or revised nomenclatural combinations, and many unavailable names are presented. The following taxonomic changes are made:New generic synonym: The genus Heteropelidnota Ohaus, 1912 is a new junior synonym of Pelidnota MacLeay, 1819.New species synonyms: Plusiotisadelaidapavonacea Casey, 1915 is a syn. n. of Chrysinaadelaida (Hope, 1841); Odontognathusgounellei Ohaus, 1908 is a revised synonym of Pelidnotaebenina (Blanchard, 1842); Pelidnotafrancoisgenieri Moore & Jameson, 2013 is a syn. n. of Pelidnotapunctata (Linnaeus, 1758); Pelidnotagenieri Soula, 2009 is a syn. n. of Pelidnotapunctata (Linnaeus, 1758); Pelidnotalutea (Olivier, 1758) is a revised synonym of Pelidnotapunctata (Linnaeus, 1758); Pelidnota (Pelidnota) texensis Casey, 1915 is a revised synonym of Pelidnotapunctata (Linnaeus, 1758); Pelidnota (Strigidia) zikani (Ohaus, 1922) is a revised synonym of Pelidnotatibialistibialis Burmeister, 1844; Pelidnotaludovici Ohaus, 1905 is a syn. n. of Pelidnotaburmeisteritricolor Nonfried, 1894; Rutelafulvipennis Germar, 1824 is syn. n. of Pelidnotacuprea (Germar, 1824); Pelidnotapulchellablanda Burmeister, 1844 is a syn. n. of Pelidnotapulchellapulchella (Kirby, 1819); Pelidnotapulchellascapularis Burmeister, 1844 is a syn. n. of Pelidnotapulchellapulchella (Kirby, 1819); Pelidnotaxanthogramma Perty, 1830 is a syn. n. of Pelidnotapulchellapulchella (Kirby, 1819).New or revised statuses: Pelidnotafabricelavalettei Soula, 2009, revised status, is considered a species; Pelidnotarioensis Soula, 2009, stat. n., is considered a species; Pelidnotasemiauratasemiaurata Burmeister, 1844, stat. rev., is considered a subspecies.New or comb. rev. and revised status: Plusiotisguaymi Curoe, 2001 is formally transferred to the genus Chrysina (C.guaymi (Curoe, 2001), comb. n.); Plusiotistransvolcanica Mor???3n & Nogueira, 2016 is transferred to the genus Chrysina (C.transvolcanica (Mor???3n & Nogueira, 2016), comb. n.). Heteropelidnotakuhnti Ohaus, 1912 is transferred to the genus Pelidnota (P.kuhnti (Ohaus, 1912), comb. n.); Odontognathusriedeli Ohaus, 1905 is considered a subspecies of Pelidnotarubripennis Burmeister, 1844 (Pelidnotarubripennisriedeli (Ohaus, 1905), revised status and comb. rev.); Pelidnota (Strigidia) acutipennis (F. Bates, 1904) is transferred to the genus Sorocha (Sorochaacutipennis (F. Bates, 1904), comb. rev.); Pelidnota (Odontognathus) nadiae Mart???-nez, 1978 is transferred to the genus Sorocha (Sorochanadiae (Mart???-nez, 1978), comb. rev.); Pelidnota (Ganonota) plicipennis Ohaus, 1934 is transferred to the genus Sorocha (Sorochaplicipennis (Ohaus, 1934), comb. rev.); Pelidnotasimilis Ohaus, 1908 is transferred to the genus Sorocha (Sorochasimilis (Ohaus, 1908), comb. rev.); Pelidnota (Ganonota) yungana Ohaus, 1934 is transferred to Sorocha (Sorochayungana (Ohaus, 1934), comb. rev.); Pelidnotamalyi Soula, 2010: 58, revised status; Xenopelidnotaanomalaporioni Chalumeau, 1985, revised subspecies status.To stabilize the classification of the group, a neotype is designated for the following species: Pelidnotathiliezi Soula, 2009. Lectotypes are designated for the following names (given in their original combinations): Pelidnotabrevicollis Casey, 1915, Pelidnotabrevis Casey, 1915, Pelidnotadebiliceps Casey, 1915, Pelidnotahudsonica Casey, 1915, Pelidnotaoblonga Casey, 1915, Pelidnotapallidipes Casey, 1915, Pelidnotaponderella Casey, 1915, Pelidnotastrenua Casey, 1915, Pelidnotatarsalis Casey, 1915, Pelidnotatexensis Casey, 1915, and Scarabaeuspunctatus Linnaeus, 1758.The following published infrasubspecific names are unavailable per ICZN Article 45.6.1: Pelidnota (Odontognathus) cupreavar.coerulea Ohaus, 1913; Pelidnota (Odontognathus) cupreavar.rufoviolacea Ohaus, 1913; Pelidnota (Odontognathus) cupreavar.nigrocoe