Background Struma ovarii is a rare monodermal germ cell tumor where the ovary is comprised of at least half thyroid tissue. This phenomenon may indicate an embryological origin. Case presentation A 30-year old nulliparous woman presented with acute right lower quadrant pain and underwent laparoscopic right salpingo-oophorectomy. The excised ovarian mass showed evidence of struma-derived papillary thyroid carcinoma. Ultrasound of the thyroid showed mild enlargement with two solid nodules. A fine needle aspirate of a thyroid nodule was positive for malignancy and a total thyroidectomy was performed. Microscopic features of the thyroid were consistent with papillary thyroid carcinoma. The two tumours were considered as synchronous independent primaries based on their histological presentation. Conclusions We believe that aggressive surgical management followed by radioiodine therapy is best to reduce recurrence risk and optimize survival. The broad scope of interventions needed to treat malignant struma ovarii require a strong interdisciplinary team.
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