Effects Of Dietary Saturated, Mono Unsaturated And PolyUnsaturated Fatty acids On Serum Lipids And Lipoproteins In Human Volunteers

摘要

The current study deals with effect of different dietary oils on serum lipid profile in human volunteers. The volunteers selected in the study used to consume only one type of oil i.e., sunflower oil, ground nut oil and palm oil as their major source of dietary oil in their food preparations. Palm oil was chosen as an example of saturated fat (SFA), Ground nut oil as monounsaturated fat (MUFA) and Sunflower oil as polyunsaturated fat (PUFA). Hence the study carried out in the volunteers consuming these oils to know their effect on serum lipid profile i.e., changes in total cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol and Triglycerides (TRI) along with changes in the atherogenic index (TC/HDL-cholesterol). The current study shows significant increase in serum TRI levels of Sunflower oil and Ground nut oil consumers. Effect of palm oil on serum cholesterol was more pronounced and the levels of HDL and LDL cholesterol are inversely proportional to one another. VLDL- cholesterol level is significantly decreased by palm oil compared to other oils used in the study. The consumption of sunflower oil and palm oil shows significant increase in TC/HDL- cholesterol levels. Introduction Diseases of the circulatory system account for an appreciable proportion of total morbidity and mortality in adults worldwide 1 . The Cardio vascular disease (CVD) has become a ubiquitous cause of morbidity and leading contributor to mortality in most countries. According to WHO, 16.7 million people around the world die of CVD each year. By 2020 heart disease and stroke will become the leading cause of both death and disability world wide, with number of fatalities projected to increase to more than 20 million a year and to more than 24 million a year by 2030 2 . CVD is a broad, all encompassing term. Despite what its name may suggest, it is not actually a particular condition or disorder in itself. Rather CVD is a collection of diseases and conditions. CVD refers to any disorder in any of the various parts of cardiovascular system i.e., heart and blood vessels 3 . The major risk factors found in several studies include hypertension, obesity, cigarette smoking, diabetes, sex/gender, age, family history, hyper cholesterolemia, life style habits, economic status, etc.Elevated concentrations of plasma TC and LDL cholesterol have proved to be among the major risk factors in the development of CVD 4 . Dietary fat plays an important role in influencing blood lipid concentrations, thrombotic tendency and thus the onset of CVD 5,6 . Dietary saturated fat is one of the risk factors of hypercholesterolemia and CVD. Conversely, an elevated level of HDL- cholesterol is believed to confer protection. Hence, in any individual with elevated cholesterol, the primary goal is to lower the LDL- cholesterol level to reduce the risk of CVD 7,8 . LDL- cholesterol is recognized as the primary lipid-related risk factor and therefore the primary target for lipid-lowering therapy 9,10 . There are in fact several limitations of only using LDL- cholesterol as the primary risk variable 11,12 . Clear relation has been evident between blood cholesterol concentration and individual risk of Coronary heart disease (CHD) 13 . LDL- cholesterol contains the greatest amount of blood cholesterol and may be responsible for depositing cholesterol in the artery walls and these lipoproteins are atherogenic. A recent observation is HDL-cholesterol contain an enzyme, paraoxonase, which is believed to confer protection against oxidation of LDL-cholesterol in the artery wall. The paraoxonase containing HDL-cholesterol significantly protected LDL-cholesterol from oxidation and inhibited expression of Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) 14 .An abundance of epidemiological evidence shows that low HDL-cholesterol acts as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease 15 . Plasma LDL and HDL