Some fundamentals of handheld snow surface thermography

摘要

This paper presents the concepts needed to perform snow surface thermographywith a modern thermal imager. Snow-specific issues in the 7.5 to13 μm spectrum such as ice emissivity, photographic angle,operator heating, and others receive detailed review and discussion. Toillustrate the usefulness of this measurement technique, various applicationsare presented. These include detecting spatial temperature variation on snowpit walls and measuring the dependence of heat conduction on grain type.