Investigation of Cholera Outbreak in an Urban North Central Nigerian Community-The Akwanga Experience

摘要

Introduction. Diarrheal disease outbreaks are cause of major Public health emergencies in Nigeria. From September 12th to 14th, 2013 an outbreak of cholera began among a sub-urban area of Akwanga L.G.A of Nasarawa State, North Central. We investigate to verify diagnosis, identify risk factors and recommend control measures. Method. We conducted a descriptive description, active case search and un-matched case control study. Cholera case-patent was a person with acute watery diarrhea, with or without vomiting in Akwanga from 12th to 13 September 2013, stool from case patients and water samples were taken for laboratory analysis. We performed Univariate and bivariate analysis using Epi-Info version 3.3. Results.Out of 18 cases patients, 10(55.6%) were male while 8(44.4% were female, of which 40% are from a sub-urban community of Kurmi tagwaye attack rate was 2/1000 population with two case fatality. Age ranged from 1-84 years: mean (34+18) years, age group of 20-29 years were mostly affected vibrio cholera serotype Ogawa was isolated from stool. The main water source, Rafin Kumin Tagwaye River was polluted by resident defecation, post-defecation bath and car washing compared to controls, case patients were likely to have drank from Kumin Tagwaye rivers (OR 4.56, 95% CL.2.75-18). Conclusion. Vibrio cholera sero-type ogawa caused the Akwanga cholera outbreak affecting many young adult males; drinking water from contaminated community Wide River was the major risk factor. Boiling or chlorinating the water was initiated based on our recommendation and this controlled the outbreak.