EFFECTS OF THE THRESHING HARVESTER DEVICE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE BREAKAGE AND DAMAGE OF BUCKWHEAT AND RYE DEPENDING OF PREDEFINED PARAMETERS

摘要

The harvest of buckwheat and rye can be performed over multiple phases, two phases, or just one single phase. The quality of the thresher device’s work depends on several factors: the state of the crops, the definitions of relevant parameters, technical accuracy, and staff skills. When the relevant parameters are not well coordinated, quality can significantly decrease, and it can result in losses and impurities, as well as broken and damaged grain in the threshed mass of the combine bunker. As with seed supplies, in processing grain, the contents of the broken, damaged kernels and impurities is undesirable. In seed goods and goods for processing, broken and damaged grains complicate cleaning and storage, and reduce the quality of the resulting product. A threshing device on a harvester has a significant impact on the quality of threshed buckwheat and rye. The quality of work is affected by numerous factors: moisture of the crops and compliance with the thresher drum’s parameters. The aim of our study was to compare trials with two types of combines with a TTO threshing device and to determine the effects and impact of altered parameters on the quality of threshed buckwheat and rye, which will make obvious the shortcomings and advantages of the threshing apparatus. The research used the threshing devices of the combine ZMAJ142 and ZMAJ 135B. The humidity was 16.2% for the rye and 19.8% for the buckwheat. Based on the results it can be concluded that the highest content of intact whole grain buckwheat varieties (96.25%) was measured in the thresher that had corrected the defined parameters for the threshed combine mass of 135B. The lowest (92.86%) was measured in the Z142 combine harvester (the control). The highest average content of whole grain rye (97.24%) was recorded in the first threshed combine mass (a variant of the correction parameters), and the lowest (94.75%) was measured in the threshed combine mass of Z142 (control). Threshing devices that corrected the relevant working parameters peeled and broke buckwheat and rye grain during harvest significantly less than the control did. The minimum content of broken grains and dehulled buckwheat stood at 1.15%, with a peripheral drum speed of 16.69 m s-1 and a clearance of 20 mm between the concave and drum at the entrance (harvester Z135B). In the threshed mass of the other tested combine, a very high content (3.14%) of broken grains and dehulled buckwheat was measured (concave gap-16 mm drum, a drum peripheral speed of 25.12 m s-1). A similar effect occurs in the parameters defined for breakage and damage during the harvesting of rye, so that the minimum content of broken grains are recorded in the threshed mass of the corrected variant, amounting to 0.86% of 1600 (with a peripheral drum speed of 25.91 m s-1, gap-concave drum 20 mm), while the highest was recorded in the control of the other variant combine, testing at 1300 and amounting to 2.36%, with a peripheral drum speed of 32.97 m s-1 and a gap-concave drum of 16 mm.