The effect of mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure?on winter wheat grain yield and grain quality

摘要

This study evaluated how organic manures and mineral fertilizers affect winter wheat grain and straw yields and grain quality properties. The analysed period of the long-term fertilizer experiment was established in ?áslav, Czech Republic, in 1955 and covers the seasons 2011–2014. The fertilizer treatments were: control; farmyard manure (FYM); FYM + P; FYM + K; FYM + PK; FYM + Nsub 1 /sub; FYM + Nsub 2 /sub; FYM + Nsub 1 /subPK; FYM + Nsub 2 /subPK and FYM + Nsub 3 /subPK. The highest grain yields were recorded in the FYM + P and FYM + Nsub 3 /subPK treatments (8.9 t/ha). The highest straw yields were recorded in the FYM + Nsub 3 /subPK treatment (6.52 t/ha). The lowest yields were provided in the unfertilized control and FYM treatments. Qualitative parameters were evaluated in the control, FYM and FYM + Nsub 3 /subPK treatments between the years 2011 and 2013. The best quality of wheat grain was provided by the FYM + Nsub 3 /subPK treatment. Combination of the farmyard manure with NPK is the best way to achieve high grain yields with good quality and leads to sustainable food production.