The effects of plant growth regulators on the growth and yields of hydrocarbons in Helianthus annuus cv. Munchkin (Asteraceae, Sunflowers)

摘要

Sunflowers, H. annuus cv. Munchkin, were subjected to 11 different treatments to determine their effects on the free, stored hydrocarbons (HC) concentrations, leaf biomass, and yields of HC/ g biomass. Biomass was significantly larger than the control for plants subjected to mechanical leaf injury or spraying with benzothiadiazole (1000 ppm). In contrast, spraying with methyl jasmonate (100 μM), gibberellic acid (100 μM), or indole-3-acetic acid (100 μM), resulted in significantly less biomass. Mechanical leaf injury or spraying with Chlormequat Cl (1000 ppm) gave % HC yields the same level as the control. But, % HC yields were significantly lower than the control for plants sprayed with methyl jasmonate (100 μM), gibberellic acid (100 μM), indole-3-acetic acid (100 μM), or Ethephon (100 ppm) (produces ethylene). Total HC yields (as g HC/ g dry wt. 10 lvs.) was correlated with biomass and % HC yields for which mechanical leaf injury or spraying with Chlormequat Cl (1000 ppm) or 2,4-D (100 ppm) resulted in g HC statistically equal to the control plants. However, spraying with methyl jasmonate (100 μM), gibberellic acid (100 μM), indole-3-acetic acid (100 μM), or Ethephon (100 ppm) gave g HC yields significantly lower that the control. Over all, none of the treatments enhanced HC production significantly larger than the control. This may be due to the mixture of chemical classes such as terpenoids, lipids, waxes and sterols that are controlled by genes in various conflicting pathways. Published on-line www.phytologia.org Phytologia 101(1): 19-24 (March 21, 2019). ISSN 030319430.