The impact of exercise intensity on whole body and adipose tissue metabolism during energy restriction in sedentary overweight men and postmenopausal women

摘要

This study aimed to establish whether vigorous?￠????intensity exercise offers additional adipose?￠????related health benefits and metabolic improvements compared to energy?￠????matched moderate?￠????intensity exercise. Thirty?￠????eight sedentary overweight men ( n ????=????24) and postmenopausal women ( n ????=????14) aged 52???????±????5????years (mean ???± standard deviations [SD]) were prescribed a 3?￠????week energy deficit (29302 kJ?￠????week ?￠????1 ) achieved by increased isocaloric moderate or vigorous?￠????intensity exercise (+8372 kJ?￠????week ?￠????1 ) and simultaneous restricted energy intake (?￠????20930 kJ?￠????week ?￠????1 ). Participants were randomly assigned to either an energy?￠????matched vigorous (VIG; n ????=????18) or moderate (MOD; n ????=????20) intensity exercise group (five times per week at 70% or 50% maximal oxygen uptake, respectively). At baseline and follow?￠????up, fasted blood samples and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained and oral glucose tolerance tests conducted. Body mass was reduced similarly in both groups (?￠???? 2.4???????±????1.1????kg and ?￠???? 2.4???????±????1.4????kg, respectively, P???? < ???? 0.05). Insulinemic responses to a standard glucose load decreased similarly at follow?￠????up relative to baseline in VIG (?￠???? 8.6???????±????15.4????nmol.120????min.l ?￠????1 ) and MOD (?￠???? 5.4???????±????8.5????nmol.120????min.l ?￠????1 ; P???? < ???? 0.05). Expression of SREBP?￠????1c and FAS in adipose tissue was significantly down?￠????regulated, whereas expression of PDK4 and hormone?￠????sensitive lipase (HSL) was significantly up?￠????regulated in both groups ( P???? < ???? 0.05). Thus, when energy expenditure and energy deficit are matched, vigorous or moderate?￠????intensity exercise combined with energy restriction provide broadly similar (positive) changes in metabolic control and adipose tissue gene expression.