Chronic kidney disease and the skeleton: Pathogenesis, complications and principles of management

摘要

Skeletal and extra-skeletal changes in chronic kidney disease are the result of deteriorating mineral homeostasis with disruption of the concentrations of phosphorous, calcium and circulating hormones. With the improved survival brought about by modern management strategies, early recognition of the prognostic determinants is of paramount importance in improving the morbidity and quality of life of renal patients. The aim of this review is to provide a skeletal perspective on the pathogenesis, radiological appearances, complications and principles of management of patients with chronic kidney disease.