Susceptibilidade de animais de laboratório à intoxica??o por Ateleia glazioviana (Leg. Papilionoideae)

摘要

Rabbits, guinea pigs, rats and mice were used to reproduce the cardiac lesions observed in ruminants in the intoxication by Ateleia glazioviana. Four animals of each species were fed during four months with a ration containing 10% of dry A. glazioviana. The pellets were made by mixing 700 g of commercial ration, 200 g of cornstarch, 1000 ml of distilled water and 100 g of the dry plant. Later this mixture was dried at 100oC during 16-20 hours. Four control animals of each species were given similar food, but containing dry ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) instead of A. glazioviana. Water was offered ad libitum and a daily amount of green oats (Avena sativa) was given to rabbits and guinea pigs. No clinical signs of disease were observed during the experiment. All animals were weighted weekly in the last 5 weeks of the experiment and no differences were observed in weight gains between treated and control groups. At the end of dosing all animals were euthanatized and necropsied. No macroscopic or histologic lesions were observed in the heart or other organs. The abortive properties of A. glazioviana were studied in rats. One group of 11 pregnant rats was fed, from day 7 to day 21 of gestation, ration containing 10% of A. glazioviana, prepared in the same way than in the previous experiment. A control group received the ration with 10% ryegrass. All rats delivered normal litters. To determine a possible loss of toxicity of the plant during the pellet preparation, dry A. glazioviana was heated for 16-20 hours at 100oC and administered orally to one ewe. This sheep ingested daily 2.65 g/kg bw of dry A. glazioviana for 26 days. During the experimental period the animal had tachycardia and cardiac arrhythmia. At the end of the experiment bradycardia and severe depression were observed. It was euthanatized 7 days after the last plant administration. The sheep was 2.5-3 months pregnant and the fetus was apparently normal with no autolysis. Ascites and hydrothorax were observed at necropsy. Whitish areas were observed in the myocardium and the liver was pale. Degeneration and necrosis of cardiac fibers and proliferation of fibrous tissue were observed histologically in the heart. The liver had centrilobular degeneration of hepatocytes and congestion. These experiments indicate that A. glazioviana is not cardiotoxic for laboratory animals and suggest that the plant has a heat-stable active principle similar to the active principle of plants causing cardiac fibrosis (gousiekte) in Southern Africa.