Seismic strengthening of pin-connected precast concrete structures with external shear walls and diaphragms

摘要

>Pin-connected precast concrete structures are widely used in some European countries of moderate seismicity. However, this structural system is not earthquake resistant because it does not have enough lateral stiffness or lateral-load resistance. Lack of a rigid diaphragm at the roof level imposes severe forces to connections. It is difficult to strengthen such buildings with conventional strengthening techniques because buildings must be unoccupied before retrofitting, which building owners do not like. To overcome this difficulty, employment of external shear walls and a diaphragm at roof level are proposed in this study. A typical pin-connected precast concrete frame and a strengthened structure with the proposed method were tested under imposed, reversed, cyclic drift of constant rate. The experimental study showed that the proposed method increased lateral stiffness, lateral-load resistance, and seismic energy dissipation and provided a diaphragm effect for the structure.>References>1. Sezen, H., and A. S. Whittaker. 2006. target="_blank" title="Seismic Performance of Industrial Facilities Affected by the 1999 Turkey Earthquake" href=" http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(2006)20:1(28) ">Seismic Performance of Industrial Facilities Affected by the 1999 Turkey Earthquake. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, V. 20, No. 1: pp. 28-36. >2. Ersoy, U., G. Ozcebe, and T. Tankut. 2000. Damages Observed after 1999 Marmara and D??zce Earthquakes at Precast Structures. [In Turkish.] In Proceedings of 10th Prefabrication Symposium, pp.  1-100. Istanbul, Turkey: Turkish Prefabric Union. >3. Posada, M., and S. Wood. 2002. Seismic Performance of Precast Industrial Buildings in Turkey. In 7th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering (7NCEE). Oakland, CA: Earthquake  Engineering Research Institute. >4. Kramar, M., T. Isakovic, and M. Fischinger. 2008. Seismic Collapse Safety of RC Columns in Precast Industrial Buildings. No. 05-01-0396. In 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.  Beijing, China: China Earthquake Administration. CD-ROM. >5. Y?±lmaz, S., A. Kuyucular, S. M. Senel, and M. Inel. 2007. Earthquake Resistance of Precast Concrete Structures: Turnover of Roof Girder. [In Turkish.] Technical Journal, V. 18, No. 2: pp.  4157-4160. >6. Y?±lmaz, S., A. Kuyucular, S. M. Senel, and M. Inel. 2006. Evaluation of Turkish Seismic Code for Pinned Precast Concrete Structures. In Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Advances in  ivil Engineering.  Istanbul, Turkey: Istanbul Technical University.CD-ROM. >7. ??etinkaya, N. 2007. Experimental Investigation of Seismic Behavior of Precast Reinforced Concrete Industrial Structures. [In Turkish.] PhD thesis. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science,  Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey. >8. Kaplan, H., S. Y?±lmaz, E. At?±mtay, H. Nohutcu, and N. Cetinkaya. 2005. Seismic Risk Assessment of Industrial Regions: Denizli Organized Industrial Region. [In Turkish.] In 4th International  Advanced Technologies Symposium, pp. 1075-1081. Konya, Turkey: Selcuk University. >9. Nohutcu, H. 2007. Strengthening of Precast RC Industrial Buildings with External Shear Walls. [In Turkish.] PhD Thesis. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Eskisehir Osmangazi   University,  Eskisehir, Turkey.>10. Elliott, K. S. 2002. Precast Concrete Structures. Woburn, MA: Elsevier Science. 11. Moehle, J. P. 1992. target="_blank" title="Displacement-Based Design of RC Structures Subjected to Earthquakes" href=" http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585688 ">Displacement-Based Design of RC Structures Subjected to Earthquakes. Earthquake Spectra,  V. 8, No. 3: pp. 403-428. >12. Park, R., D. C. Kent, and R. A. Sampson. 1972. Reinforced Concrete Members with Cyclic Loading. Journal of the Structural Division, V. 98, No. 7: pp. 1341-136