Nature reserves are an important component of the strategy to halt biodiversity loss caused by habitat fragmentation and loss, climate change and other anthropogenic factors. In the past decades, 184 nature reserves were designed for biodiversity conservation in Inner Mongolia. However, no studies have quantified the general condition of these reserves. In this paper, we summarized the history, distribution and effects of human interference on these reserves in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that: (1) The total area of nature reserves is 138,047 km 2 in Inner Mongolia. This constitutes 11.7% of its geographic area, which is lower than the national (14.9%), and the global average (13%). These reserves are mainly forest (68) and inland wetland (31) ecosystems. However, in terms of area, desert (40,948 km 2 ), forest (26,141 km 2 ) and inland wetland ecosystems (25,540 km 2 ) are predominant; (2) nature reserves have increased rapidly in number and area since 1995, especially at the province, city, and county levels; (3) the evergreen coniferous (26.4%), wetland (20.2%) and deciduous needle-leaf forests (19.6%) were sufficiently protected according to the 2020 target of 17% set by the Convention on Biological Diversity, while the other eight natural vegetation types, i.e., evergreen broad-leaved forests (14.2%), shrubs (13.5%), meadow vegetation (12.5%), typical steppe (10.2%), open forests (8.9%), desert vegetation (6.2%), desert steppe (2.9%), and sand vegetation (1.6%) were insufficiently protected; (4) the effects of human activities on these vegetation types were different. Open forest, sand vegetation, shrub, typical steppe, meadow steppe, evergreen broad-leaved, and evergreen coniferous forest were more affected than other vegetation types. Our results indicated that a more scientific approach is needed to effectively manage nature reserves in Inner Mongolia.
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机译：自然保护区是制止因生境破碎化和丧失，气候变化和其他人为因素造成的生物多样性丧失的战略的重要组成部分。在过去的几十年中，内蒙古为保护生物多样性而设计了184个自然保护区。但是，尚无研究量化这些储量的总体状况。在本文中，我们总结了人为干预这些内蒙古保护区的历史，分布和影响。结果表明：（1）内蒙古自然保护区总面积为138,047 km 2。它占其地理区域的11.7％，低于全国（14.9％）和全球平均水平（13％）。这些保护区主要是森林（68个）和内陆湿地（31个）生态系统。然而，就面积而言，沙漠（40,948 km 2），森林（26,141 km 2）和内陆湿地生态系统（25,540 km 2）占主要地位; （2）自1995年以来，自然保护区的数量和面积迅速增加，特别是在省，市，县一级; （3）常绿针叶林（26.4％），湿地（20.2％）和落叶针叶林（19.6％）根据《生物多样性公约》设定的2020年17％的目标得到了充分保护，而其他八种自然植被类型，即常绿阔叶林（14.2％），灌木（13.5％），草甸植被（12.5％），典型草原（10.2％），开阔森林（8.9％），沙漠植被（6.2％），沙漠草原（2.9％）和沙生植被（1.6％）没有得到足够的保护; （4）人类活动对这些植被类型的影响是不同的。开放森林，沙生植被，灌木，典型草原，草甸草原，常绿阔叶和常绿针叶林受其他植被类型的影响更大。我们的结果表明，需要一种更加科学的方法来有效地管理内蒙古的自然保护区。
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