The stability of a caisson or of a pier subjected to horizontal thrust has been calculated by means of a few theoretical formulae which often possess various defects, and the reaction of foundation soil has not been well estimated on the basis of experimental results.The author made a full size test on this problem using an actual caisson, and the following conclusions have been reached.i) The horizontal reaction of a caisson is often larger than theoretical estimates.ii) The pattern of displacement and deformation of a caisson and distribution of earth pressure on its sides and base differ widely from those assumed for theoretical considerations.iii) The duration of loading has a marked influence on the reaction of foundation soil.
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