OSMANLI VE TüRK?YE TOPLUMLARINDA EGEMEN ?KT?SAT ANLAYI?ININ KAYIT DI?I EKONOM?N?N GEL???M?NE ETK?S? üZER?NE SOSYOLOJ?K B?R DE?ERLEND?RME

摘要

?ZET Bu makalede Osmanl? ve Türkiye toplumlar?nda egemen iktisat anlay???n?n kay?t d??? ekonominin geli?imine etkisi tart???lmaktad?r. Osmanl?'da fazla kazan? elde etmeye y?nelik ekonomik faaliyetlere kar?? mesafeli durulmas? gerekti?ine ili?kin bir anlay?? egemendir. Bununla birlikte, kazanma ve zengin olma iste?inin insan yarat?l???n?n bir ?zelli?i oldu?una dair ?nkabulden hareket edildi?inde, bu iste?in me?ru ya da me?ru olmayan yollarla, bir ?ekilde, kar??lanmas?n?n ka??n?lmaz oldu?unun da dikkate al?nmas? gere?i ortaya ??kmaktad?r. Bu ?er?evede, Osmanl? toplumunda devletin devam?n? ve mutlak egemenli?ini esas k?lan politikalar?n ve ihtiya?tan fazlas?n? kazanma iste?ine, en az?ndan g?rünürde, olumlu bak?lmamas?n?n, bugün kay?t d??? ekonomi olarak tan?mlanan iktisadi faaliyetlerin ger?ekle?mesinde etkili olduklar? ileri sürülmektedir. Osmanl?'dan sonra kurulan Cumhuriyet Türkiye'sinde de Osmanl? iktisat anlay??? temelinde olu?turulan devlet?i ekonomi politikalar?, serbest giri?imi büyük ?l?üde engellemi?tir. 1980'li y?llara gelindi?inde ise hür te?ebbüs ilkesine dayal? neo-liberal politikalara, bir anlamda, haz?rl?ks?z yakalan?ld??? ve bu durumun kay?t d??? ekonomik faaliyetleri art?ran bir etken oldu?u dü?ünülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Anlay??, Kay?t D??? Ekonomi, Vergi, Osmanl?, Türkiye. ABSTRACT This article discusses the impact of dominant economic mentality on development of underground economy in the Ottoman and Turkish societies. A mentality indicating that it is better to keep away from the economic activities which yield a profit existed in the Ottoman society. However, if the assumption that desiring to make money is natural is accepted as correct, then it should be taken into consideration that this desire is satisfied eventually. Within this perspective it is suggested that the economic policy of the Ottoman State which was based on the State's sustainability and absolute authority as well as an?unfavorable approach to the economic activities yield added value were some important factors enabling underground economic activities. Free enterprise was limited until 1980's in the Republic of Turkey established after collapse of the Ottoman State most probably because of the economic mentality inherited from the Ottoman. Therefore, it is considered that the Republic of Turkey is caught unprepared to the neo-liberal policies based on free enterprise and this may be one of the causes of the increase of the underground economic activities. Key Words: Mentality, Underground Economy, Tax, Ottoman, Turkey.