Trapping Monochamus galloprovincialis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Vector of the Pine Wood Nematode, with Pine Allelochemicals, in Portugal

摘要

Seven different trap models or variations and ten different chemical lures or combinations thereof were compared as to their efficiency to attract and capture the pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis, vector of the Pine Wood Nematode (PWN) (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in Portugal, between 2001 and 2004. Traps were made at the INRB laboratories (former EFN), with and without a visual silhouette, with chemical lures (ethanol, α-pinene and/or turpentine) from the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), the only host of the PWN and its vector in Portugal. They were tested in four successive assays on pine stands; the less efficient were eliminated and the best were accepted for subsequent tests. The best combination was a transparent cross-vane interception trap lured with ethanol and turpentine in separate vials. The implications of the results for control of M. galloprovincialis are discussed. Key words: Pine wilts disease; maritime pine; pine sawyer; traps; lures Sumário Diferentes armadilhas e varia??es (sete), iscadas com atraentes químicos, foram testadas em Portugal entre 2001 e 2004. O objetivo era verificar a eficiência na atra??o e captura do longicórnio do pinheiro, Monochamus galloprovincialis. Este é o inseto vetor do nemátodo da madeira do pinheiro (NMP) (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Todas as armadilhas testadas foram construídas no laboratório do INRB (ex-Esta??o Florestal Nacional), sendo algumas de interce??o enquanto outras apresentavam silhueta visual. Em todas foram colocados atraentes químicos (etanol, aguarrás e α-pineno) originários do hospedeiro do NMP, o pinheiro-bravo. Foram testadas em quatro ensaios realizados de modo sucessivo, em que as piores combina??es foram eliminadas e as melhores admitidas no ensaio seguinte. A melhor combina??o era constituída por uma armadilha de painéis cruzados transparentes com um conjunto atrativo constituído por etanol e aguarrás, apresentados em recipientes separados. Finalmente s?o discutidas as implica??es dos resultados obtidos no controlo das popula??es de M. galloprovincialis. Palavras-chave: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; armadilhas; atraentes químicos; pinheiro-bravo Résumé Différentes pièges et variations (sept), avec des attractives chimiques, ont été testés entre 2001 et 2004 pour leur efficacité à attirer et capturer Monochamus galloprovincialis, insecte vecteur du nématode du pin (PWN) (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) au Portugal. Toutes les pièges ont était fabriquées dans le laboratoire de l'INRB(anciennement Station Forestière Nationale), quelques-unes d'interception tandis que d'autres avaient silhouette pour contact visuel de l'insecte. Toutes avaient des produits chimiques attractifs (éthanol, essence de térébenthine et α-pinène) provenant de l'h?te du nématode de pin, le pin maritime, et ont été testées dans quatre essais réalisés en succession, dans laquelle la pire des combinaisons a été éliminée et la meilleure admis à l'essai suivante. La meilleure combinaison finale était composée d'un piège à panneaux transparents plié avec des attractantes constitué d'éthanol et essence de térébenthine dans des conteneurs individuels. Mots clés: Maladie du nématode du pin; longicorne du pin; pin maritime; piège; attractante chimique Introduction The pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bührer) Nickle, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (MOTA et al., 1999), was discovered in Portugal in 1999. Soon after, the main study allowed identification of its unique vector, the native secondary forest insect Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (SOUSA et al., 2001). Since the detection of the first infected pines, enormous efforts have been made to control the disease, namely by cutting and destroying the infested trees before the exit of the insect vector and by capturing the insect vector during its flight period. For this last purpose, early assays used traps, made at the INRB Laboratory based on descriptions from publications, with kairomone lures fr