Effects of large-scale orography on January atmospheric circulations are studied with the use of a general circulation model (the MRI⋅GCM). The model is a 5-layer tropospheric model with its top at 100mb. The horizontal resolution of the model is 5°×4°in the longitudinal and the latitudinal directions, respectively. Four cases of experiment are performed under the perpetual January condition to isolate the orographic effects of the Tibetan Plateau and those of the Rockies and Greenland.
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