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Feature Extraction for Audio Classification of Gunshots Using the Hartley Transform

机译:使用Hartley变换对枪声进行音频分类的特征提取

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In audio classification applications, features extracted from the frequency domain representation of signals are typically focused on the magnitude spectral content, while the phase spectral content is ignored. The conventional Fourier Phase Spectrum is a highly discontinuous function; thus, it is not appropriate for feature extraction for classification applications, where function continuity is required. In this work, the sources of phase spectral discontinuities are detected, categorized and compensated, resulting in a phase spectrum with significantly reduced discontinuities. The Hartley Phase Spectrum, introduced as an alternative to the conventional Fourier Phase Spectrum, encapsulates the phase content of the signal more efficiently compared with its Fourier counterpart because, among its other properties, it does not suffer from the phase ‘wrapping ambiguities’ introduced due to the inverse tangent function employed in the Fourier Phase Spectrum computation. In the proposed feature extraction method, statistical features extracted from the Hartley Phase Spectrum are combined with statistical features extracted from the magnitude related spectrum of the signals. The experimental results show that the classification score is higher in case the magnitude and the phase related features are combined, as compared with the case where only magnitude features are used.
机译:在音频分类应用中,从信号的频域表示中提取的特征通常集中在幅度频谱内容上,而忽略相位频谱内容。传统的傅立叶相位谱是高度不连续的函数;因此,不适用于需要功能连续性的分类应用程序的特征提取。在这项工作中,检测,分类和补偿了相位谱不连续性的来源,从而使相位谱的不连续性大大降低。作为传统傅立叶相谱的替代品而引入的Hartley相谱,与傅立叶相谱相比,更有效地封装了信号的相位内容,因为除其他特性外,它不受引入的“包裹模糊度”的影响傅立叶相位谱计算中使用的反正切函数。在提出的特征提取方法中,将从哈特利相位频谱中提取的统计特征与从信号的幅度相关频谱中提取的统计特征相结合。实验结果表明,与仅使用幅度特征的情况相比,在将幅度和相位相关特征组合的情况下,分类得分更高。

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