Enfoque multidimensional de la reconstrucción post-desastre de la vivienda social y el hábitat en países en vías de desarrollo: Estudios de casos en Cuba

摘要

The paper shows the findings of a research carried out with the objective of demonstrating, by means of the study of cases in Cuban local contexts affected by hurricanes, the necessity to apply a multidimensional approach in the post-disaster reconstruction of the social housing and the habitat, in particular about the common problems to other developing countries. The conceptual core of the paper is the multidimensional character of the post-disaster intervention in the field of the housing, as well as in the analysis of the named Risk Reproduction Cycle in the recovery to the disaster, as consequence of insufficient relationships between the various reconstruction dimensions. Through an abundant state of the art and investigations of the authors, the paper proposes a system of dimensions and variables of the post-disaster reconstruction of the social housing, in the social and cultural, economic, technological and environmental topics. These aspects were reflected in research methods and tools for the study in situ of local cases of post-disaster reconstruction and the identification of benchmark practices. The lessons learned in the Cuban cases, in a political and social context of advanced social programmes and great community cohesion, confirm the lessons that taught us the post-disaster practices into the social housing and the necessity of more sustainable multidimensional focuses.