Finite element method analysis of the stress induced upon the dental implant by the mastication process

摘要

The paper analyses the stress and strain in the dental implant caused by the forces generatedduring the mastication process. The analysis is conducted by computer modelling the dental implantand simulating its distributed stress. Different loadings are considered, related to the axial direction ofthe implant, so that the complex mastication process can be as well as possible simulated. Through thistype of loading the strain developed into the neck-zone of the implant is revealed; this is the risk zonewhere, in time, stress may induce cracks or fractures in the implant. An up to 254% increase in stress inthe case of chewing mastication in comparison with chopping mastication is observed. Bruxism is anaggravating factor that puts tangential stress on the implant, and consequently a concentration of strainat the abutment-implant junction appears, and the loss of the implant may occur. Conclusionsregarding the diminution of the strain at the abutment-implant junction are formulated: increasing theimplant diameter by 25%, a diminution up to 18% of the strain at the abutment-implant junction isobtained.