Importance of two component systems regulation in Streptomyces strains

摘要

Streptomyces strains experience a number of changes within the complex hyperosmoticecological niche they inhabit. A two-component regulatory system allows them to control the cascade ofsignals required to acclimate to these changes. These kinds of systems consist of a sensor domain(histidine kinase) and an effector response-regulating domain. The regulation process usesphosphotransfer, dephosphorylation and self-phosphorylation. Coupled with the system are proteinsthat control the activity of the target protein, and transcription factors that allow the expression ofgenes in response to stress. This brief review provides an updated and summarized vision of some twocomponent systems known in Streptomyces, and the advantages of understanding these systems for thebiosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Comprehending these adaptation mechanisms expands thepotential uses of Streptomyces, as these systems are frequently linked to the production of newsubstances of interest in biotechnology, considering that these mechanisms regulate two majorprocesses -- cellular differentiation and secondary metabolite production -- to respond to their complexenvironment.