Dismorfia muscular: análise comparativa entre um critério antropométrico e um instrumento psicológico

摘要

Psychiatric disorders related to body image distortions are highly associated with physical and psychological distress and significant social and ocupacional disfunction. Also, they are caracterized for inducing behaviors that can be harmful for the patient's health. Muscle Dysmorfia (MD) is a subtype of Body Dysmorfic Disorder, marked by specific and recurrent worring about muscle appearance and hipertrophy. This disorder is significantly more prevalent in men and, despite the actual level of muscle hipertrophy, the subjects seek increasing their body mass by excessive weight lifting, engaging in hiperproteic diets and using anabolic substances. The present study aimed to evaluate the construct validity of an antropometric criteria (The B/P index - the ratio between the perimeter of the contracted arm and the perimeter of the leg), previously proposed, as an antropometric indicator to suspect of MD in weight lifters. A sample (n = 100) of male body builders, between 18 and 35 years old, were measured and responded the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale (MASS). Their cineantropometric measures were also compared to the ones from another sample (n = 313), with similar demografic caracteristics, evaluated to start an exercise program. Data analysis sugest that a subjetc with B/P > 1 have a higher probability of presenting a score that would indicate MD in the MASS. This results indicate that the B/P index can be used as a valid antropometric criteria to help exercise professionals suspect of MD in individuals with B/P > 1 and reffer them to especialized professionals for diagnose and treatment.