Comportamiento de los cultivares de papaya Sunset, Sunrise y de los genotipos Baixinho de Santa Amalia y BH - 65 en la zona sur de la isla de Tenerife

摘要

The history of the papaya (Carica papaya, L.) in the Canary Islands came to show the viability of this crop under greenhouse and the possibility of further expansion in short term due to the introduction, over the last years, of high-quality of commercial cultivars from Hawaii ('Sunrise') and Brazil 'Baixinho de Santa Amalia'(BSA). In this work it was studied the growth, development and productivity of the cultivars Sunset, Sunrise and the genotype BH-65, and 'Baixinho de Santa Amalia', and the morphological and organoleptic characteristics of the fruits, in order to continue with the selection of those cultivars that best adapted and agree with the market requirements, maintain a good productivity in marginal areas for banana production and serve as a basis for future breeding programs. The results show that the highest flowering percentages took place in May (6 months after being planted) in hermaphrodite plants for all cultivars, corresponding to 'Sunset' and 'Sunrise' the maximum percentages (80 and 90.4%, respectively). The number of leaves emitted monthly is similar in all cultivars, between 7.5 and 7.8. The female plants of 'Sunrise'and the hermaphrodites of 'Sunset' have greater diameter, and in addition, the last cultivar is precocious in blooming and the fruits are bigger in size and weight. Note also that at the consumption point of the fruit, the cultivar Sunrise showed the highest total soluble solids content (10.33 ° Brix). Moreover, hermaphrodite fruits of 'Sunrise' are the first to be collected (422 days from planting). Finally, the cultivar Sunset has become the most productive (59.5 kg / pl) and has the highest yields per hectare (158.627 kg / ha). However, the genotypes BH-65 and BSA have a very similar behaviour, but are smaller in the first year of cultivation (142.9 y 138.8 cm) the first flower appears at a lower height (40.6 y 42.2 cm) and a there is lower length of internodes (1.4 y 1.3 cm). The descriptive characteristics of the fruits are very similar with no significant differences between them. The fruits have a good size (13.74 x 7.81 y 12.68 x 7.98cm) and weight (392.92 and 418.8 g.) and excellent production qualities of great interest for the cultivation of papaya under greenhouse.