Independent associations between arterial bicarbonate, apnea severity and hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea

摘要

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea is characterized by intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia. CO₂ production, transport and elimination are influenced by the carbonic anhydrase enzyme. We hypothesized that elevated standard bicarbonate, a proxy for increased carbonic anhydrase activity, is associated with apnea severity and higher blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. MethodsA retrospective analysis of a sleep apnea cohort ( n =?830) studied by ambulatory polygraphy. Office systolic/diastolic blood pressure, lung function, and arterial blood gases were assessed during daytime. ResultsArterial standard bicarbonate was increased with apnea severity (mild/moderate/severe 24.1?±?1.8, 24.4?±?1.7 and 24.9?±?2.9?mmol/l, respectively, Kruskal-Wallis test p 2 and pCO₂ (standard bicarbonate quartile 1 vs. quartile 4, β?=?10.6, p p =?0.007, 0.048 and 0.45, respectively). ConclusionsThere was an independent association between sleep apnea severity and arterial standard bicarbonate. The link between high standard bicarbonate and daytime hypertension suggests that carbonic anhydrase activity may constitute a novel mechanism for blood pressure regulation in sleep apnea.