Distribui??o ecológica de comunidades de macroalgas de ambientes lóticos do Parque Nacional de Itatiaia (RJ, MG), Brasil

摘要

Itatiaia National Park (INP) includes two kinds of Brazilian vegetation within its limits: Atlantic tropical rainforest (AF) and highland grassland (HG). Fourteen sites were sampled, seven in each region (AF and HG), in two seasons (summer and winter). Twenty nine species of macroalgae were surveyed, from which 15 in AF and 19 in HG, with only five species in common. Species richness per sampling site ranged from 1 to 7 (2.9 ± 2.0), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') from 0 to 0.94 (0.24 ± 0.26) and percent cover from 0 to 35% (14.0 ± 12.5%). These values fitted within the range reported in previous studies on lotic macroalgae. Multiple regression analysis revealed that temperature variations accounted for 39.2% of abundance and 35.5% of species richness variations and also that 54.8% of diversity variations were explained by variations of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and pH. Cluster analysis of macroalgal communities of INP did not group sites from the same regions (AF and HG). Principal Component Analysis clearly separated the sampling sites of the two regions, as well as of the two seasons (summer and winter), mostly influenced by temperature, shading, pH, altitude, potassium and COD. The general patterns of patchy distribution and dominance by few species described for lotic macroalgal communities were corroborated by data from INP, suggesting that they seem to be universal for such communities.