Prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial según los distintos componentes del síndrome metabólico y su vínculo con ellos

摘要

Background Hypertension coexists with other cardiovascular risk factors, especially obesity and dyslipemia; this association increases the risk particularly in patients with established heart disease. For this reason, the identification and control of these factors is essential for the global management of hypertensive patients. Objectives To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its association with the different components of the metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods We included 975 subjects (37±9 years, 62% were men) without demonstrable heart disease. Metabolic syndrome variables were those defined by the ATP III-IDF according to gender: waist circumference 3102/88 cm, LDL-cholesterol level ￡40/50 mg/dl, glucose blood level and triglycerides 3150 mg/dl. Subjects were grouped by gender and classified as hypertensive (JNC 7), with blood pressure 3140/90 mm Hg, non hypertensive and controls. The frequency of each variable of the metabolic syndrome was established in hypertensive subjects and the prevalence of hypertension was determined for each variable. Results There were 114 hypertensive men that were compared to 495 controls: age: 42±10 versus 36±9 years, waist circumference 3102 cm: 31% versus 15%, triglycerides 3150 mg/dl: 33% versus 20%, glycemia 3100 mg/dl: 30% versus 4%; p<0.001 for all the variables. We found 35 women with hypertension that were compared to 331 non-hypertensive women: age 43±9 versus 35±8 years, and waist circumference 388 cm: 49% versus 15%; both, p<0.001. The prevalence of hypertension among all men was 19%; 32% in those with a waist circumference of 3102; 28% with triglycerides 3150; 63% with glycemia of 3100; p<0.03 for all versus general. Among all women, the prevalence of hypertension was 11%, 25% in those with a waist circumference of 388; p<0.0008. Multivariate analysis showed that age, glucose blood levels 3100 mg/dl, triglycerides 3150 mg/dl and a waist circumference 3102/88 cm are independent predictors of hypertension. Conclusions The components of the metabolic syndrome are more frequent among subjects with hypertension. In addition, they determine a greater prevalence of hypertension, particularly in men.