Emprego da ventila??o mecanica com press?o controlada em circuito circular de anestesia para pacientes de baixo peso: estudo experimental

摘要

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pediatric low flow anesthesia requires adequate equipment which, when available, is extremely expensive, thus seldom used. This study aimed at evaluating low flow anesthesia in rabbits using a closed rebreathing circuit in a new pediatric pressure controlled ventilator for anesthesia. METHODS: Ten rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups. Group I individuals were ventilated with the airway pressure limit set to 15 cmH2O, while in group II the setting was 20 cm H2O. Anesthesia was induced with muscular xylazine (10 mg.kg-1) and ketamine (25 mg.kg-1), followed by maintenance with isoflurane after tracheal intubation. After 20 minutes, 0.1 mg.kg-1 intravenous pancuronium was administered and controlled ventilation was established. Ventilator parameters were: RR - 30 mpm, I:E ratio 1:2.5 and inspiratory time 0.6 sec, in addition to plateau pressures. Fresh gas flow was 300 ml.min-1 (total). Parameters were collected every 20 minutes for one hour and data were submitted to analysis of variance for repeated measures (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Re-inhaled CO2 decreased significantly in group II from an initial value of 15 mmHg during spontaneous ventilation to a mean value of 2.4 mmHg during controlled ventilation. In group I, the drop was from 19.2 mmHg (initial) to 3.6 mmHg. Comparing both groups, significant differences were observed in venous pH, PaCO2, PvO2 and a slight difference between MBP and DBP. The 15 cmH2O group showed important respiratory acidosis, while the 20 cmH2O had normal pH and PaCO2 values. Since expired volume values were similar in both groups, such differences in pH and blood gases observed could be related to low pH levels seen in group I. Each animal consumed a mean value of 2 ml isoflurane during the 120 minutes of the study. CONCLUSIONS: With proper equipment, it is possible to use low flow anesthesia with pressure controlled ventilation and closed system in very low weight patients.