Retina Today - CASE REPORTS IN OCULAR ONCOLOGY: Prostate Carcinoma, a Common Cancer in Men, Rarely Metastasizes to the Eye (January 2011)

摘要

The choroid is the most common site of uveal metastases. In a report of 950 cases of uveal metastases, 838 (88%) were choroidal.1 Choroidal metastasis often presents as a creamy yellow subretinal mass with secondary retinal detachment and can originate from a primary cancer of the breast, lung, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, or prostate.1 Despite the frequency of prostate cancer in the older male population, this malignancy rarely metastasizes to the eye. Far more common is lung cancer metastasis in men. Choroidal metastases can be treated with chemotherapy, external beam radiotherapy, plaque radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or resection, according to the clinical features of each particular case.1 CASE DESCRIPTIONA man aged 68 years noted photopsia in his left eye for 4 months. He had previous congenital cataract extraction in both eyes at the age of 9 years. His medical history revealed systemic hypertension, secondary emphysema, and a 300 pack per year history of smoking discontinued 34 years previously. On ocular examination, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye. Both eyes showed anterior segment aphakia with updrawn pupil toward a limbal wound in the right eye and posterior capsular wrinkling in the left eye. Fundus examination of the right eye disclosed previous retinal detachment repair with chorioretinal atrophy. The fundus of the left eye revealed an amelanotic choroidal mass measuring 10 x 9 x 3.6 mm with moderate clear subretinal fluid located over the lesion. B-scan ultrasonography showed a slightly acoustically hollow mass with a bilobed appearance and overlying subretinal fluid. A-scan ultrasonography depicted medium internal reflectivity of the mass. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed subretinal fluid overlying the slightly irregular surface of the choroidal lesion. Fluorescein angiography revealed early hypofluorescence and late staining of the choroidal mass (Figure 1). These features were suspicious for choroidal metastasis, but the patient denied primary malignancy, although he was previously a smoker and was aware of elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) of 5.6 ng/mL (reference range OR = 4.0 ng/mL). Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the choroidal mass using a trans-pars-plana approach with a 27-gauge needle into the temporal portion of the tumor 4 mm from the foveola was performed. Cytology revealed epithelial cells positive for AE1/AE3 and EMA and negative for HMB-45 and Melan A, supporting the diagnosis of an epithelial neoplasm, favoring metastatic adenocarcinoma. Further evaluation by an oncologist disclosed biopsy biopsy- proven primary prostate carcinoma. The choroidal metastasis was treated with I-125 plaque radiotherapy, delivering 3500 cGy to the apex. One year following treatment, visual acuity improved to 20/25 OS and there was complete resolution of subretinal fluid and a flat tumor scar (Figure 2). Repeat systemic evaluation by an oncologist following ocular therapy revealed bone metastasis from prostate carcinoma, confirmed with abdominal CT scan. The patient was treated with systemic antiandrogen hormonal treatment as well as zoledronic acid for bone metastasis. DISCUSSIONThe prostate is one of the five leading cancer sites in males when considering all ages, and prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death among men aged 80 years and older.2 Approximately 6% of men aged 60 to 69 years, 13% aged 70 years and older, and one in six from birth to death in the United States are expected to develop prostate cancer.2 This malignancy accounts for 25% of newly diagnosed cancer cases in men and 9% of deaths due to cancer in men.2 Statistics for 2009 estimated 192,280 new cases and 27,360 deaths related to prostate cancer.2 Clinical symptoms of prostate cancer include lower urinary tract obstruction, urination frequency, dysuria, low