Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the biggest oppressions to the citrus industry globally and a major contributor of citrus decline. It is a phloem associated virus of various citrus species, containing positive-sense single stranded monopartite RNA genome with encapsidation by two different capsid proteins and transmitted by several aphid species. It has various pathotypes which exhibits different symptoms on citrus along with symptomless mild strains. Research on CTV has focused on detection and diagnosis of the virus mainly by utilizing serological and molecular methods, molecular characterization through sequencing and their phylogenetic analyses. Utilization of resistance mechanism of host in disease management like cross protection, pathogen derived resistance, RNA interference, etc has been exploited in the recent past and also further advancement of the technologies are going on. A large number of isolates of CTV exist in nature and many new more isolates are developing due to recombination of the isolates which are creating more affects on host infection and virus vector transmission dynamics. Bioprospecting and allele mining of wild citrus germplasms can give valuable insights into some novel genes of resistance against CTV which can be exploited and used for protecting the host. With the development of sequencing technology possible alterations could be carried out in the genome using CRISPR technology or genome editing which has the potential of modification with ease and efficiency of the endogenous genes in host plants and make it possible for them to defend against pathogen attack.
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