Performance of she camels under traditional nomadic and semi-intensive management in Sudan

摘要

InSudan,thefourcamelmanagementsystemsincludetraditionalnomadicsystem,transhumanceorsemi-nomadicsystem,sedentaryorsemi-sedentarysystemandtheintensivesystem.Thisstudyinvestigatestheinfluenceofproductionsystems,breedinggoals,managementpracticesandreproductionperformanceandnbsp;milkyield,herdsizeandherdcompositionofshecamelsrearedwithintwodifferentproductionsystems:ThefirstwasthedominanttraditionalnomadicsystematSennarState(Nefidiacameltype)andGeziraState(Butanacameltype).Thesecondwasthenewlydevelopedsemi-intensivesystematKhartoumState(Kenana,AnafiandBisharitypes).nbsp;ThebreedinggoalofcamelsformilkproductioninKhartoumState(semi-intensive)rankedfirst(74.3%),while51.4%oftheintervieweesimprovedtheircamelsforracinginElButana,GeziraState(traditionalsystem).ThecamelownersinSennarState(traditionalsystem),improvedtheircamelsformilkandmeatproduction(37.1%).Howeverkeepingcamelseitherformeatormilkandmeatrevealed40%foreachinKhartoumState.Thecolostrumperiodinthetwosystemsiscontroversial,accordingtotheresponders,inKhartoumState,theymentionedthatthecolostrumperiodis7daysandthoseinSennarandGezirastates,reported5and4daysforcolostrumperiod,respectively.Themilkyieldwassignificantly(P0.05)affectedbyproductionsystemsandtypesofcamelastheoverallmeaninthesemi-intensivesystemwas3.49±0.89L/daycomparedtothatreportedintraditionalnomadicsystem(2.73±0.65L/dayand3.30±1.12L/dayforButanacamelsandNefidiacamels,respectively).Moreovercamelherdersinsemi-intensivesystempracticedthreetimesmilkingperday,whereasinnomadicsystemtheyadoptedtwotimesmilkingperday.Theaverageagesatfirstcalving(4.94±0.74years)andcalvingintervals(22.0±1.47months)weresignificantly(P0.05)influencedbyregionsofcamelrearing.Theherdsizeundersemi-intensivesystemwassignificantly(P0.05)smallerthanthatkeptunderthenomadicsystems(61.5±40.1vs132.5±117.6and71.3±34.3).