Seroprevalence and risk factors for Salmonella gallinarum infection in smallholder layers in Mwanza City, Tanzania

摘要

AcrosssectionalstudywascarriedouttoestablishtheseroprevalenceandriskfactorsforSalmonellagallinaruminfectioninsmallholderlayersflocksinMwanzaCity,TanzaniafromDecember2013toJanuary2014.Atotalof315layersfrom63flockswererandomlyselectedforcollectionofbloodsamples.Aquestionnairesurveyanddirectflockobservationtodetermineriskfactorsweremadein63sampleflocks.WholeBloodAgglutination(WBA)andTubeAgglutination(TA)testswerecarriedouttoestablishtheindividuallayersandflock-levelseroprevalenceofS.gallinarum.nbsp;Theindividuallayers(n=315)seroprevalenceestablishedusingWBAandTAtestswere28%and15%respectivelyandflock-level(n=63)seroprevalencewere62%(95%C.I=50#8211;73)and51%(95%C.I=39#8211;63),respectively.nbsp;Severalvariableswereinvestigatedinthissurveyinrelationtosero-statusofS.gallinaruminfection.Alogisticregressionanalysisindicatedthat,twovariablesweresignificantlyassociatedwithsero-status:presenceofotherbirds(OR=11.1;95%CI=2.7#8211;45.3)andpresenceofmultipleflocksoflayers(OR=7.8;95%CI=2.0#8211;30.8).Inconclusion,thisstudydemonstratedrelativelyhighbirdsexposuretoS.gallinarumandresponsibleriskfactorsinsmallholderlayersflocks.TheimprovementofgoodmanagementpracticessuchasavoidingotherbirdsandmultipleflocksandbiosecuritymeasuressuchasdisinfectionofequipmentshouldbeputinplacetoalleviatetheriskofS.gallinaruminfection.