Prevalence of intestinal parasites in pig manure and the potential for zoonotic transmission in urban/peri-urban areas of Morogoro municipality, Tanzania

摘要

Informationontheprevalenceandpotentialhealthconsequencesassociatedwiththepresenceofparasitesinlivestockmanuresislackinginmanydevelopingcountries.In2015,across-sectionalstudywasconductedin79pigfarmstoestimatefarm-levelprevalenceofhelmintheggsusingMcMastertechniqueandprotozoanparasiteoocystsusingtheModifiedZiehl#8211;NeelsentechniqueinMorogoromunicipality,Tanzania.Farm-levelrepresentativesamplesofmanurewerecollectedfrompigmanuredisposalsitesineachfarm.Pigfarmers#8217;knowledgeandpracticesrelatedtopighusbandryandmanurehandlingwereassessedusingastructuredquestionnaire.Allpigswererearedindoorsandtheirmanureswerehandledinsolidform.Farm-levelprevalenceofstrongyleeggswas7.6%(95%CI:1.8,13.4)andthatofAscarisspp.was6.3%(95%CI:0.9,11.7).Prevalenceofacid-fastprotozoanoocystswas6.3%(95%CI:0.9,11.7),includingIsosporaspp.,Cryptosporidiumspp.andEimeriaspp.Approximately27.8%(95%CI:17.9,37.7)ofthesampleshadacid-fastobjectsthatresembledmicrosporidiaandotherfungalspores.About94.9%(95%CI:90.0,99.8)ofthefarmersreportedtohaveexperienceddiseasesintheirpigs,commonlyhelminthosis.Onlyabout42.5%(95%CI:31.3,53.9)believedthatpigmanurecouldcausesomehumanhealthproblems.Approximately,65.3%(54.3,76.3)reportedtocleantheirpigpensdaily.About61.1%(95%CI:49.9,72.3)reportedtowearspecialclothingwhenremovingpigmanure.Handlingofpigmanureisassociatedwithpotentialbiologicalhazardswithpotentialforzoonotictransmissioninurban/peri-urbanareasofMorogoromunicipality,Tanzania.Furtherstudiesareneededtomeasuretheactualrisksassociatedwithlivestockmanurehandlingandutilisationincludingparasiteviabilityandcharacterizationstudiestoguideimplementationofappropriatebio-securityandbio-safetymeasuresinurban/peri-urbanlivestockfarms.