Productive and reproductive profile of dairy farms from Realeza, Paraná, Brazil

摘要

Milkproductionisexploredinmanyruralpropertiesasamainincome.InBrazil,64.4%ofproducersmakinglessthan50litersofmilkadayrepresentapproximately800,000smallfamilyfarmers.Realeza,locatedinsouthwesternParaná,hasapproximately540milkproducerswith11,000animals,withthemajorityinfamilyproductionsystem.Thecorrectreproductivemanagementisessentialtoobtainthecalvingintervalcloseto12months.Inthissense,thepresentstudyaimedtoevaluatetheproductiveandreproductiveprofileofthedairyfarmsfromRealeza,Parana,Brazil.Tothisend,255milkproducersrespondedtoaquestionnaireduringtheperiodfromNovember/2014toAugust/2015.DatawereanalyzedbyANOVA,themeanswerecomparedbyDuncantest,andcorrelationsbythePearsonmethod,usingtheSAScomputerprogram.Theresultsshowedthat96%oftheworkforceisfamiliarand91.7%havepropertiesofupto50hectares,ofwhich64.2%oftheherdconsistofcrossbredbreeds(undefinedbreedand19.1crossbredHolsteinandJersey).Milkproductionisthemainactivityin67.8%oftheproperties.Theexclusiveuseofartificialinsemination(AI)isdonein36.1%and6.2%isassociatedwithnaturalmating(NM).Thepresenceofownbreedingwasnotedin93.9%of63.9%ofpropertiesthatusedNM,and98.1%ofbreedershaveneverbeentestedforandrologicalexaminationsandonly23.3%oftheownerwantedtotestfreebulls.Still,theresultsshowedthat2.75%ofthepropertiesusedtimedAIasatoolinincreasingthenumberofbreedingfemales,femalesinlactationandmilkproduction.Inconclusion,thepresentstudydata,consideringthesignificantnumberofpropertiesanalyzed,showedthatmilkproductioninRealezaislittletechnifiedandpropertiesarecharacterizedasfamilysubsistenceproduction.