Raw palm oil as the energy source in pig fattening diets and Azolla filiculoides as a substitute for soya bean meal

摘要

Anexperimentwasdonetodemonstrate:(i)theuseofrawpalmoilasthebasaldietforfatteningpigs;and(ii)thepotentialofthewaterfern(Azollafiliculoides)toreplacepartofthesoyabeansupplement.Therawpalmoilwasfedatlevelsof500and800g/pig/dayinthegrowing(20-60kg)andfinishing(60-90kg)phasesrespectively.Freshazollawasofferedatlevelsof0,1.7,3.48and5.21kg/dayforatheoreticalreplacementrateofthesoyabeanproteinof0,10,20and30%(totalproteinfromsoyabeanmealandazollawaspredictedtobe200g/day).Ricepolishingwasgivenatlevelsof100g/dayinthegrowingperiodand150g/dayinthefinishingperiod.Themostappropriateharvestingintervalforazollawassixdaysleaving25%ofthebiomassasseedmaterial.Productionrateswereintherange120to200g/m2/day.Drymattercontentwas6%andtherewas26%Nx6.25inthedrymatter.Amixture(50/50)ofcattlemanureandpoultryexcretawasfoundtobethebestfertilizeratratesof500g/m2every18days.Productionratewaspoorestinthedryseasonandbestduringtherainyseason.Intakesofazolladuringthegrowingphasewereonly51,34and26%ofprojectedamountsforthe10,20and30%replacementrates,providingproteinintakesof212,202,184and167g/pig/day.Duringthefinishingphase,intakesofazollaincreasedtoreach100,97and69%ofprojectedlevelswithtotalproteinintakesof212,212,212and194g/pig/dayforthefourtreatments.Thedailyliveweightofthepigswas:0.450,0.482,0.457and0.407(SE±0.13;Prob=0.80forthegrowingphase;and0.654,0.692,0.666and0.528kg/day(SE±0.18;Prob=0.12)inthefinishingphase.Overalltheweightgainswere:0.526,0.561,0.535and0.452kg/dayforthe0,10,20and30%replacementratesofazollaforsoyabean.Feeddrymatterconversion(overall)was2.1,1.98,2.0and2.2.Optimumreplacementratesofazollawereconsideredtobe10%and20%inthegrowingandfinishingphasesrespectively.Ademonstrationtrialwascarriedoutonacommercialfarmwith169pigs,dividedarbitrarilyinto4groups,usingaration(g/day)ofrawpalmoil500,soybeansupplement500andricepolishing500.Liveweightgainswere0.722,0.628,0.524and0.464kg/dayanddrymatterfeedconversion1.8,2.0,2.4and2.8forthefourgroups.