Producción de biomasa en seis ecotipos de matarratón (Gliricidia sepium)

摘要

Sixcultivarsofquot;matarratónquot;(Gliricidiasepium),fromtheOxfordForestryInstitutecollection(derivedfromMéxico,Guatemala,CostaRicaandColombia),attwoplantingdensities(50x50cmand100x100cm,giving40,000and10,000plants/ha)wereevaluatedinareplicatedsplitplotdesign,duringa20monthperiodfollowingestablishmentfromseedinthefarmquot;ElHaticoquot;,situatedintheValledelCauca,Colombiaat1,020masl(meantemperature24°C,rainfall1,130mm,latitude3°54'N,longitude76°22'W).Drymattercontentofleavesandgreenstemsatthefirstharvest(270days)wasintherange2627and1625%,respectively.Comparablevaluesforprotein(Nx6.25)inthedrymatterwere2129and911%.Theproportionsofleafpluspetioleinthetotalediblebiomassincuts3and4rangedfrom53to63%amongcultivarsandwere54.557and60%forthelowandhighplantingdensities.Totaledible(leavesandgreenstems)biomassafterfourharvestsat90dayintervals(thefirstwas270daysfollowingestablishment)rangedfrom71to98tonnesfreshmatter/haforthehighdensityplantingandfrom53to71tonnesforthelowdensity.ThehighestyieldingcultivarwasfromGuatemala(VadoHondo,Chiquimula)andthelowestfromCostaRica(PlayaTamarindo,Gunacaste).Yieldsincreasedatsuccessiveharvestsandrangedfrom21to31,andfrom17to28tonnes/haforhighandlowplantingdensities.Thisisequivalenttoanoverallrangeof60to125tonnesbiomass/haonanannualbasis.TheresultsofthistrialconfirmthehighproteinproductionpotentialofGliricidia,usingappropriatecultivarsandplantingdistances.Thebestcultivar(VadoHondoChiquimulafromGuatemala)producedtheequivalentof4.67tonnesofprotein/ha/year.