Diet/lifestyle and risk of diabetes and glycemic traits: a Mendelian randomization study

摘要

BackgroundObservational studies have demonstrated diet/lifestyle play roles in development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM); however, it remains unclear whether these relationships are causal. MethodsA two-sample MR approach was used to examine the causal effect of diet/lifestyle upon risk of T2DM and glycemic traits. ResultsThe protein intake-increasing allele C of FTO was significant associated with higher risk of T2DM (Beta ± SE?=?0.104?±?0.014, P =?4.40?×?10??11), higher level of HOMA-IR (Beta ± SE?=?0.016?±?0.004, P =?9.55?×?10??5), HOMA-B (Beta ± SE?=?0.008?±?0.003, P =?0.020). Using MR analyses, increased protein intake was causally associated with an increased risk of T2DM (Beta ± SE?=?0.806?±?0.260, P =?0.002). In addition, smoking cessation was causally associated with increased levels of glycemic traits such as HOMA-IR (Beta ± SE?=?0.165?±?0.072, P =?0.021), fasting insulin (Beta ± SE?=?0.132?±?0.066, P =?0.047) and fasting glucose (Beta ± SE?=?0.132?±?0.064, P =?0.039). ConclusionsThese results provide evidence supporting a causal role for higher protein intake and smoking cession in T2DM. Our study provides further rationale for individuals at risk for diabetes to keep healthy lifestyle.