Imaging of Central Nervous System Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: A Chronologic Approach to Pathology and Implications for Management

摘要

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used to treat a wide pathologic spectrum and is preceded by conditioning chemoradiation. The recipient's immune system changes dramatically and predictably during treatment and recovery. Immune system recovery after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be divided into 3 phases. During the first phase (days 100), radiologists should recognize development of late-onset cytomegalovirus, which has emerged in numerous patients after development of ganciclovir resistance, aspergillosis, treatment changes (not to be confused with pathology), and posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder and disease recurrence. Learning Objective: Understand changes in patients' immune system after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to identify potential pathogens and characteristic imaging features of disease during each phase of marrow recovery.