Slamka, Milo?; Moravec, Romana - Comparision of selected kinematic structure parameters in male and female high jumpers

摘要

This work deals with selected parameters of high jump technique of top-performance competitors. Eighteen tries of men and twenty-one tries of women were evaluated by means of two-dimensional analysis. Results of males were between 205 and 229 cm, females between 175 and 205 cm. The discussed parameters are sports performance, culmination of trajectory of the centre of gravity and vertical velocity at the end of take-off. The most suitable parameter characterising sports performance seems to be vertical velocity at the end of take-off. The moment of amortisation phase completion and corresponding vertical velocity of the body’s centre of gravity are deduced from take-off knee angle changes. Analysis of results confirms that optimum values of selected parameters may be identified, depending however, on the athlete’s performance. The leverage by means of which a part of horizontal velocity is transformed to vertical velocity is explained. During the amortisation phase, men reached 57.5 % and women 42 % of resulting vertical velocity by means of leverage. Hereafter, parameters such as the angle of take-off from the last step support, the angle of tread-down to take-off position, the stride length of the last stride before the take-off, and the difference in stride length between the last two strides are discussed. In contrast to men, the kinematic structure characterised by these parameters is not formed so well for women which is seen from the big scattering of values.