Furanodiene Induces Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptosis in Doxorubicin-Resistant MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells via NF-κB-Independent Mechanism

摘要

FIGURE 1. Effect of furanodiene (FUR or F) on cell viability, cytotoxicity, and proliferation in doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cells were treated with furanodiene (0–200 μM) or doxorubicin (2 μM) for 24 h. (A) Cell viability was tested by MTT assay. The values were represented as percentage of the vehicle control. (B) LDH release was detected using a commercial kit. The values were represented as percentage of the total LDH release. (C) Cells were treated with furanodiene (0–100 μM) or doxorubicin (2 μM) for 24 h. Then the cells were harvested, and cultured in complete growth medium at a density of 200 cells per well. After a 2-week incubation, the fixed cells were stained with crystal violet. The colony formation status was visualized at 200× magnifications with an AxioCam HRC CCD phase contrast microscope. (D) Cells were stained with CFDA-SE and then treated with furanodiene (0–100 μM) for 6 days. CFDA-SE fluorescence was detected using flow cytometry. FlowJo software was used for the analysis of flow cytometry data. (E) Statistical result of (D). Ctrl stands for control. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ?P < 0.05, ??P < 0.01, and ???P < 0.001 vs. control.