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Sex Differences in the Regulation of Offensive Aggression and Dominance by Arginine-Vasopressin

机译:精氨酸加压素调节进攻性侵略和主导作用的性别差异

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Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) plays a critical role in the regulation of offensive aggression and social status in mammals. AVP is found in an extensive neural network in the brain. Here, we discuss the role of AVP in the regulation of aggression in the limbic system with an emphasis on the critical role of hypothalamic AVP in the control of aggression. In males, activation of AVP V1a receptors (V1aRs) in the hypothalamus stimulates offensive aggression, while in females activation of V1aRs inhibits aggression. Serotonin (5-HT) also acts within the hypothalamus to modulate the effects of AVP on aggression in a sex-dependent manner. Activation of 5-HT1a receptors (5-HT1aRs) inhibits aggression in males and stimulates aggression in females. There are also striking sex differences in the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of dominance. In males, the acquisition of dominance is associated with the activation of AVP-containing neurons in the hypothalamus. By contrast, in females, the acquisition of dominance is associated with the activation of 5-HT-containing neurons in the dorsal raphe. AVP and 5-HT also play critical roles in the regulation of a form of social communication that is important for the maintenance of dominance relationships. In both male and female hamsters, AVP acts via V1aRs in the hypothalamus, as well as in other limbic structures, to communicate social status through the stimulation of a form of scent marking called flank marking. 5-HT acts on 5-HT1aRs as well as other 5-HT receptors within the hypothalamus to inhibit flank marking induced by AVP in both males and females. Interestingly, while AVP and 5-HT influence the expression of aggression in opposite ways in males and females, there are no sex differences in the effects of AVP and 5-HT on the expression of social communication. Given the profound sex differences in the incidence of many psychiatric disorders and the increasing evidence for a relationship between aggressiveness/dominance and the susceptibility to these disorders, understanding the neural regulation of aggression and social status will have significant import for translational studies.
机译:精氨酸加压素(AVP)在调节哺乳动物的进攻性侵略和社会地位方面起着关键作用。在大脑的广泛神经网络中发现了AVP。在这里,我们讨论了AVP在边缘系统中对攻击的调节中的作用,重点是下丘脑AVP在控制攻击中的关键作用。在男性中,下丘脑中AVP V1a受体(V1aRs)的激活刺激了进攻性攻击,而在女性中,V1aRs的激活则抑制了攻击性。 5-羟色胺(5-HT)在下丘脑内也以性别依赖性方式调节AVP对侵略的影响。 5-HT1a受体(5-HT1aRs)的激活抑制男性的侵略性并刺激女性的侵略性。在获得支配地位的机制上也存在明显的性别差异。在男性中,支配地位的获得与下丘脑中含有AVP的神经元的激活有关。相比之下,在女性中,优势的获得与背缝中含5-HT的神经元的激活有关。 AVP和5-HT在社交形式的调节中也起着至关重要的作用,这对于维持优势关系至关重要。在雄性和雌性仓鼠中,AVP都通过下丘脑以及其他边缘结构中的V1aR起作用,通过刺激一种称为侧翼标记的气味标记来传达社会地位。 5-HT作用于下丘脑内的5-HT1aRs和其他5-HT受体,以抑制雄性和雌性由AVP诱导的侧翼标记。有趣的是,尽管AVP和5-HT在男性和女性中以相反的方式影响攻击性表达,但AVP和5-HT对社交沟通表达的影响没有性别差异。鉴于许多精神疾病的发病率存在深远的性别差异,并且越来越多的证据表明侵略性/支配性和对这些疾病的易感性之间的关系,因此理解侵略性和社会地位的神经调节对于翻译研究将具有重要意义。

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